Truck side frame



G. A. ANDERSON.

TRUCK SIDE FRAME. APPLICATION FILED 05c. e, 1921.

Patented July 11, 1922.

'5 SHEETSSHEET I.

G. A. ANDERSON.

TRUCK SIDE FRAME.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8. I921.

1,422fl74, Patented July 11, 1922.

J I 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

III/1 1111 G. A. ANDERSON.

TRUCK SIDE FRAME.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8, 1921.

Patented. July 11,1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

e. A. ANDERSON. TRUCK SIDE FRAME. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8, I921.

GQA. ANDERSON.

TRUCK SIDE FRAME. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8. 1921.

Patented July 11, 1922.

5'SHEETS-SHEET 5.

mzmmo caries mate ae-a em. 1

GUSTAIE ABVID ANDERSON, or BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, nssrenon To THE 1*. H.

TRUCK SIDE FRAME.

Specification of Letters mm.

N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

FlElSSUE Patented July 111, 1922.

Application filed December 8, 1921. Serial No. 529,849.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUs'rAr SON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Truck Side Frames; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same. 4

My invention relates to side frames for car trucks, and is designed toproduce a construction which is very strong and stifl but comparativelylight and in which maintenance charges are reduced to a minimum.

The principal feature of the invention consists-in forming a car truckside frame with a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall, te said walls constituting a continuous sh et and each having a pluralityof truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar 'port1ons, aplurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of pedestal tiebar portions.

A further feature of the invention consists in constructing a car truckside frame from a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer walland an inner wall, said frame having its top extending in .a straightline and said sheet having a plurality of top arch portions, a pluralityof bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of bolster openings. 1

Another feature of theinvention consists in constructing a car truckside frame with a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall,the said walls being provided with corresponding flanges which arewelded together.

A still further feature of the invention resides in constructing a cartruck side frame with a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal innerwall, each of said walls being formed with a" bolster opening and with aplurality of tapering pedestal tie bar portions, the cross sectionalarea of said tie bar portions being greater adjacentthe bolster openingsthan at their outer ends.

Another feature of the invention consists in forming a car truck sideframe with an outer wall of sheet metal and an inner Anvn) ANDER- tiebar portions with sti ening which merge with the respectiveside walls.

wall ofsheet' metal and in providing each of said walls withtransversely extending stlifening flanges projecting from one side onlyof'their respective walls.

A further feature of the invention consists in forming a car truck sideframe with a pedestal tie bar portion extending beneath the bolsteropening of the side frame and adapted to connect the associated journalboxes, the central portion of the pedestal tie bar being hollow and ofrectangular cross section below the bolster opening, the bottom wall ofsaid central portion being prolonged in opposite directions so as to pasbeneath the journal boxes, and the side walls of said central portionbein prolonged to form upright flanges st' ening the pedestal tie bar onopposite sides of the bolster opening.

Another feature of the invention consists informing a car truck sideframe with an outer. wall of sheet metal and an inner wall of sheelmetal, each involving pedestal tie bar portions and in roviding saidflanges adjacent the lower end of the holster opening with which theside frame is furnished.

Another A feature of the invention consists in forming a car truck side.frame with a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottomarch bar portions, and a plurality of truck ,column portions, the saidottom' arch bar portions being. of gradu- V ally increasing width in theplanes of the truck side frame adjacent the truck column portions. I

Another feature 7 of the invention consists in forming a car truck sidejframe with a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall, eachof said walls '1 eing provided with a series of; correspondingly spacedlugs which are adapted to be welded together. X

A further feature of the invention consists in forming a car truck sideframe as a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer wall and aninner wall-:in spaced relation to said outer wall and in providing eachof said walls with top arch bar portions whose lower sides slopedownwardly toward the respectively adjacent ends of the side frame, thusproducing a top arch its neutral axis arched, thereby effecting avirtualcamber of the top arch bar.

A still further feature of the invention consists in the method ofmanufacturing a car truck side frame by forming from a sheet of metal ablank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetricallydisposed with respect to an axis of sym-' 7 half of the lower frameshown in Fig. 1

metry passing between them, bending corresponding portions of said blankto form flanges which project from the same side of the blank, foldingthe'blank along a line which throughout its .length is parallel to thesaid axis of symmetry, and uniting said flanges by welding. 1

There are other features of the invention pertaining to particularrelations of parts and details of construction, all aswill hereinafterappear. I i

In the drawings illustrating the invention, the scope whereof is pointedout in the claims: v I

Figure 1 is a view, partly in side elevation and partly inverticalsection, of a car truck side frame embodying the invention, thewheels and journal boxes of the car truck being shown in dotted lines.

Figure 2 isa section on the line 2-2, Fig. 1, parts of the spring plankand ofthe brake beam hanger being broken away.

Figure 3 is an end view of the truck side frame shown in F ig. 1. j I

Figure 4- is a detail sectional View on the line 44, Fig. 1. 1

Figure 5 is a detail sectional view on the line 5-5, Fig. 1. i

Figure 6 is a detail sectional view on the line 6-6, Fig. 1. V

Figure 7 is a detail sectional view on the line 7-7, Fig. 1.

Figure 8 is a detail sectionalview on the line 8-8, Fig. 1.

Figure 9 is a detail sectional viewon .the line 9-9, Fig. 1. j

Figure 10 is an inverted plan view of one portion of the truck sideFigure 11 is an inverted plan view of an end portion of the truck sideframe.

Figure 12 is a plan view of the portion of i the truck frame'illustratedin Fig. 11.

Figure 13 is .a view illustrating a. sheet metal blank for forming theside frame shown in Fig.- 1.

Figure 14'is a view corresponding to Fig.

'9, but illustrating a slightly modified con struction.

Figure 15*is a side elevation of a car truck frame embodying a modifiedform of my invention, the spring plank and the truck wheels being shownin dotted lines.

Figure 16 is a sectional view on the line 16-16, Fig. 15, a portion ofthe spring plank being broken away.

taken on the line 17-17, Fig. 15, and aportion of the springplank beingomitted.

/ Figure 18 is a detail sectional view on the line 18-18, Fig. 15.

Figure 19 is a detail sectional view on the line 19-19, Fig. 15.

Figure 20 is an end elevation of the upper art of the truck side frameshown in ig. 15.

" Figure 21 is a view illustratinga sheet metal blank for forming thetruck side frame shown in Fig. 15.

Figure 22 is a detail vertical section illustrating a modification ofthe portions of the side frame which extend over the journal boxes.

' Figure 23 is a sectional view on the line 23-23 Fig. 22.

boxes and 2 indicates the side frame of a car truck to which saidjournal boxes are secured by journal box bolts3 in a well known manner.

The side frame 2 of the truck is formed of In the drawings, 1 indicatesthe journal sheet metal and comprises an outer wall 4:

and an inner wall 5, the said walls being in spaced relation to eachother and preferably being formed from a single continuous sheet.

Each of said walls is provided with a plurality of truck column portions6, a plurality of top arch bar portions 7, a plurality of bottom archbar 'portionsl8, and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions 9, thetruck columnportions being'spaced apart to form a bolster openingbetween them. The parts of the pedestal tie bar portions of the sideframe which are located between the truck columns and the adjacentjournal boxes 3 mayadvantageously be of tapering form, their greatestcross sectional areas being at their junctions with the respective truckcolumns. Such a construction not only imparts to the side frameincreased ability to resist vertical loads but it also reinforces andsupports the lower ends of the truck columns so that failure of thetruck side frame at those points cannot well occur.

The bottom arch bar portions 8 of the outer wall of the truck, whichextend at an oblique angle to the top arch bar and to the pedestal-tiebar portions of the side frame, merge with and are integrally connectedto the'top' arch bar portions 7 of the outer wall flanges, thestiffening flanges with which the outer wall is furnished preferablyextending toward the inner wall, and the stiffening flanges with whichthe inner wall is provided preferably corresponding to those of theouter wall and extending toward said outer wall. By thus forming thesestiffening flanges they may be availed of for uniting the outer andinner walls of the truck side frame by welding. Moreover, thisdisposition of stiffening flanges on one side only of the respectivewalls of the truck enables said flanges to be made of maximum width,thereby increasing the rigidity and strength of the entire side frame.Each of the stiffening flanges preferably extends not more than one halfthe distance toward the opposite wall of the truck frame. This is moreadvantageous than making-the flanges of unequal width, because theproduction of a wide flange at certain points of the structure wouldresult in serious stretching of the metal, reducing its thickness andweakening the side frame at those points, whereas by forming the flangesof equal width the stretching of the metal is minimized and, moreoyer,the reduced section is located at the midline of the frame where thestrength requirement .is least, instead of appearing nearer the sidewalls of the frame where the strength requirement is greatest.

the top arch bar portion 7 of theouter wall;

At their lower ends of the said flanges 10 may merge into a flange 12projecting inwardly from the outer wall and bordering the lower end ofthe bolster opening. As so constructed the stiflening flanges 10,11 and12 completely border} and reinforce the bolster opening in the "outerwall of the side frame. The inner wall 5 is similarly provided withstiffening flanges 10,11 and 12 corresponding to those heretoforedescribed. The upper portions of the adjacent flanges 10 bordering thetruck column portions 6 are preferably united by bolster chafing plates13 which, as indicated by the dotted circles 14 in Fig. 2, may beconnected to said flanges 10' by spot welding. As shown in Figs. 1

= and 9, the vertical chafing plates 13 are preferably of such widththat their vertical edges are adapted to form end stops for a truckbolster (not shown) which projects into the bolster opening of the sideframe in the usual manner.

'Between the truck column portions 6 and the respectively adjacent endsof the side frame the top arch bar portions 7 of the outer wall and ofthe inner wall are preferably re- 1 inforced by oppositely'extendingflanges 15.

The outer edge of each bolster column portion 6 is likewise preferablyreinforced by an 4 being continuous and forming a substan-. tiallytriangular figure.

Along their lower edges the bottom arch bar portions 8 of the side framewalls are stiffened by internal flanges 18 which are preferablyprolonged so as to extend over the journal boxes and also to reinforcethe junctions of the said arch bars with the pedestaltie bars 9. Thestiffening flanges 18 are tapered or reduced in height adjacent therespective junctions of the bottom arch bar portions and pedestal tiebar portions of the side frame, so as to merge with the side walls ofthe frame, as indicated at 35, thus permitting the side wall portions ofthe bottom arch bars to be increased in width at their junctions withthe truck columns 6 and arch bar portions 8 so as effectively totransfer the stress in the flanges 18 of the bottom arch bars to theside walls of the truck frame.- The inner margins of these flanges 18are de sirably formed with opposed spaced lugs or projections 36 whichbridge the space between'the side walls and contact each other, as shownin Figures 3, 7 and 13. The opposing lugs' 36 are preferably weldedtogether electrically. The spacing of the welding lugs of the flanges 18provides openings through the lower sides of the bottom arch barsallowing moisture to be drained from the interior of said arch bars,thus reducing the formation of rust. i I

The outer wall and the inner wall of the side frame are rigidly unitedat the bottom by electrically welding together the abutting portions offlanges 19 with which the said walls are respectively provided. Theseflanges which pass beneath the journal boxes 1 and are preferablycontinuous along the entire bottom-edge of the sideframe, may have theiropposed edges formed as a series of lugs 37 (see Figs. 3 and 10) thusnot only affording drainage openings 20 but also in large measureconfining any injury to the metal which maybe caused by the electricwelding to points remote from theside wallsof the frame, which latterare themain stress carrying parts of the structure.

Portions of the side walls 4: and 5, together with the flanges 12 and 19thereon form a pedestal tie bar which. is hollow andof rectangular crosssection below the bolster opening of the side frame, the bottom wall ofsaid central portion thus formed being prolonged in opposite directionsso as to pass beneath the journal boxes of the side frame,

The top of thetruck sifle frame extends in a straight line. from whichthe frame is 'formed to be simply folded, thus avoiding the stretchingof the metal which would be incident to a shaping or pressing process ifthe top' of the frame were notstraight. To cause the top arch barportions of the frame to have the effect of a cambered compressionmember,

notwithstanding that the upper side of the frame lies in a straightline, the lower sides sides of the bolster opening preferably slopedownwardl toward the respectively adjacent ends 0 the side frame, asshown in Fig. 15, so that they are of greater depth at points adjacenttheir junctions with the corresponding bottom arch bars 8 than at pointsnearer the center .of the sideframehv The portions of the side framewhich extend over the journal boxes are preferably reduced in height attheir extremities, as shown at 40, their outer ends being formedentirely as parts ;of the side walls of the frame. Provision for thisfeature of construction may be made by forming the sheet metal blankfrom which the side frame is produced with oppositely disposed V-shapedrecesses 41 cutting away the metal desired to be eliminated at tlfaouter ends of the side frame above the jo rnal boxes.

The portions of the side frame which e'xtend over the journal boxes 1are preferably reinforced and laterally stifi'ened by flanged castings21 which are located between the walls of the side frame and are securedthereto by means of rivets 22. These reinforcing members are formed withsuitable openings to receive the journal box bolts 3. The inner journalbox bolts may be provided with T heads rather than with square heads,thus enabling the openings 23 formed in the top arch bar for theintroduction of said journal box bolts to be made somewhat narrower. j

The spring plank 24 of the trucklgis preferably rigidly secured 'bymeans of {rivets 25 to a saddle casting or seat member whichrests uponthe side frame at the lo' wer end of the bolster opening thereof, thesaid saddle being preferably formed with downwardly projecting portionswhich embrace the neighboring portion of the" frame and thus serve toresist any spreading or sepations of the flanges 10 bordering the truckcolumns.

The brake hanger brackets 27 preferably employed extend between theadjacent top and bottomarch bar portions of the side This enables thesheet J surfaces produced in the flanging and press- 'ing operation ofthe sheet from which the Lside frame is formed may be crowned. Thiscrowning is advantageous not only because it increases the strength ofthe structure but also because it enables the abutting edges of thestiffening flanges to be most satisfactorily brought together forwelding, and in some instances promotes the drainage of moisture fromthe interior of the truck side frame.

The surfaces of the truck frameforming seats for the journalboxes andfor the spring plank are preferably flattened instead of being crowned.

In, the modified form of construction shown in Fig. 14 the internalstiffening flanges 28 bordering the truck column portions of the outerand inner walls of the side frame extend sufliciently far transverselyof the frame to be welded together. In this construction a simple plate29 which may be spot welded at its edgestothe truck column. portions, asindicated at 30, serves as a bolster chafing plate or wear pad.

.The. sheet metal blank from which the truck side frame is constructedis preferably of the form shown in. Fig. 13, the original .outlineof theblank prior to the-production of the stiffening flanges being indicatedby dot and dash lines. The portions of the blank which correspond tofeatures of construction heretofore described have been indicated b theappropriate reference numerals. s will be seen, the blank is formed witha plurality of bolster openings, a plurality of top arch. bar portions,a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of pedestal tiebar portions, the top a'rch bar portions and the correspondingbottomarch bar portions bein upon opposite sides of the respective bo steropenings. The bolster openings are symmetrically disposed uponoppositesides of a line passing between them. In the particular'form ofblank illustrated, which is the preferred form, the top arch barportionsof the blank, rather than the pedestal tie bar portions thereof,

extend between the bolster? openings.

The modified form .of constructionshown in Figs. 15 to 20,inclusive,-may be produced from a sheet metal blank of the formillustrated in Fig. 21,.the'origi11aloutline of the blank prior totheproduction of the stiffen- 'ing flan es being indicated b dot and dashlines. xcept for the detai s of construc- 'tion hereinafter referred to,this modified form of truck'side frame is substantially the same as thestructure shown in the principal figures of the drawings? Instead ofemploying-bolster chafing plates the internal bordering flanges 31 ofthe truck cloumns of this modified form of side frame are adapted tocontact directly with the sides of the truck bolster (not shown), theabutting edges of said flanges being welded together electrically; andinstead of welding together the stiffening flanges of the bottom archbar portions of the inner and outer walls of this.

form of truck frame, the stiffening flanges 32 of the bottom arch barportions of the frame are made somewhat shorter so that a space or slotis formed between them. For the purpose of giving transverse stiffnessto the portions of the side frame which extend provided with suitableopenings for journal box bolts. The flanges of the reinforcing plates 34are adapted toform nut locks for the heads of the journal box bolts.

It will be perceived that a car truck side .frame embodying theinventionmay be manufactured by first forming from a sheet of metal ablank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetricallydisposed with respect to an axis of symmetry of the blank passingbetween them, thereafter bending corresponding portions of the blank toform flanges which project from the same side thereof, then folding said.blank so as to cause the portion thereof which constitute the top ofthe side frame to extend in a straight line parallel throughout to theaxis ofsymmetry of the blank, and

finally uniting the flanges by welding.

It will be noted that a truck frame embodying my invention not only hasthe merit of 'being constructed of light and reliable material, but itsparts are so formed and combined that the points subjected to greateststrains in service are rendered exceedingly strong. It will also beperceived that the construction makes it possible to avoid the use ofrivets which are subjected to shearing strains.

I claim 1. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall anda sheet metal inner wall integrally connected thereto in spaced relationtherewith, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column por-'tions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom archbar portions and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions.

2. A car truck side frame .involving a sheet metal out r'w ll and asheet metal inner wall, each of said walls having a plurallty of truckcolumnportions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality ofbottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions.

3. A car truck side frame comprising top arch bar portions, bottom archbar portions, pedestal tie bar portions, and truck columns lntegrallyconnected to said several ortions, said top and bottom arch bar portionsand said truck columns "each being formed with an outer wall and with aninner wall in spaced relation to said outer wall.

4. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall havingpedestal tie bar portions, and a sheet metal inner wall provided withpedestal tie bar portions and spaced w1th relation to said outer wall,said outer wall being provided with stiffening flanges extending towardsaid inner wall, and said inner wall being provided with stiffeningflanges extending towards said outer wall, said flanges being weldedtogether.

5. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, and asheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto,each of said wallshavin a plurality of truck column portions, a p urality of top arch barportions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions and a plurality ofpedestal tie bar portions, said truck .column'portions of said outerwall being provided with stiffening flanges which extend toward saidinner wall, and said truck column ortions of said inner wall beingprovided with stiffening flanges which extend toward said outer wall.

'6. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer Wall, and asheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto.said outer Wall and.said inner ,Wall respectively being provided with corresponding flangeswhich are welded together.

7. A car truck side' frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, and asheet metal inner wall integrally connected thereto in spaced relation.therewith, said outer wall and said inner wall respectively beingprovided with corresponding flanges which are welded together.

8. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, and asheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto,each of said wallshaving a plurality of truck column portions and having stiffeningflanges located between said walls and re spectively bordering saidtruck column portionsa 9. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metalouter wall, and a sheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto,each of saidwalls having a plurality 'of truck column portions, aplurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch barportions, .said truck column portions and said bot om arch bar portionsbeing reintegrally united to outer wall of sheet metahand an inner wallof sheet metal, each of said walls having aplurality of truck columnportions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottomarch bar portions, and a plurality of'pedestal tie bar portions, said.top and bottom arch bar portions and said pedestal tie barporti'ons'ofeach of said walls being the respective truck column portions.

12. A car truck side frame involving an outerwall of sheet metal, and aninner wall.

of sheet metal, each of said walls havin a plurality of truck columnportions, 9. p urality of top arch bar portions, a plurality Y of bottomarch bar port1ons,and a plurality of (pedestal tie bar portions, saidouter wall an said innerwall being respectively provided with stiffeningflanges.

13. A car truck side. frame involving a continuous sheet of metal havinga plurality of bolster openings therein and a plurality of pedestal tiebar portions, said bolster openings being in register with each other.

14. A, car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of .metalconstituting an outer wall'and an inner wall in spaced relation to saidouter wall, said sheet being provided witha plurality of registeringbolster openings and with a tie bar portions.

15. A car truck side frame involving a plurality of v pedestalcontinuoussheet of metal constituting an outer wall and an inner wall inspaced relation to said outer wall, said outer wall being provided with-a bolster opening and with a plural ty of pedestal tie bar portions,said inner wall being provided with a bolster opening and with aplurality of pedestal tie bar portions, and corresponding tie barportions of said outer and inner walls being rigidly connected.

16. A car. truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, and, a'sheet metal inner wall, each of'said walls being formed .with aplurality of truck column portions and'with a plurality'of pedestal tiebar por tlons, the 'cross sectional area of said tie bar portions beinggreater adjacent said truck column portions than at the outer ends ofsand t e bar portions.

rality of truck column 17. A car truck side frame involving a continuoussheet of metal constituting an outer wall and an inner wall, each ofsaid walls having a bolster opening therein and being provided withtapering pedestal tie bar portions.

-18. A 'car truck side frame, said frame having its top in a straightline and involving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outerwall and an inner wall, said sheet having a plurality of top arch barportions,

. a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and

wall spaced from said outer wall,each of said walls havin a bolsteropening, a plurality of top ardh bar portions and a plu rality of'bottomarch bar portions, said top .arch bar port-ions being provided withflanges which extend toward each other, and brake hanger means extendingbetween said 3 top and bottom arch bar portions and secured to andembracing said top arch bar portions. 21. A car truck side frameinvolving an outer wall of sheet metal, and an inner wall -of sheetmetal, each of said walls being pro- -vided with stiffening flanges,said flanges extending beyond one side only of their respective walls.

22. A car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metalconstituting an outer wall and an inner wall in spaced relation to saidouter wall, said sheet being provided with transversely crowned flanges.

23. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outerwall and a sheetmetal inner wall, the said Walls being joined at the upper part of theside frame to constitute a continuous sheet, the portion of said sheetjoining said walls being crowned transversely of the side frame.

24. A car truck side frame involving a and with a plurality of pedestaltie bar portions, ,the corresponding pedestal tie bar portions of thesaid 'walls'having spaced portions affording a drainage opening.

- '25. A car truckside frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, and. asheet'metal inner wall, each of said walls being formed with a pluralityof truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions and a 'adrainage opening.

neaaove plurality of bottom arch bar portions, the corresponding bottomarch bar portions of said walls having spaced portions affording 26. Ablank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blank'having aplurality of bolster openings therein and being provided with aplurality-of pedestal tie bar portions symmetrically disposed onopposite sides of a line passing between said bolster openings andbetween said tie bar portions.

27. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blank being ofsheet metal and having a plurality of bolster openings and beingprovided on opposite sides of the said bolster openings with a pluralityof pedestal tie bar portions.

28. A blank for a 'side frame member of a car truck, said blank being ofsheet metal and having a plurality of bolster openings therein and beingprovided on opposite sidesof said bolster openings with top arch barportions and with pedestal tie bar portions and with bottom arch barportions extending at an oblique angle to said top arch bar portions andto said pedestal tie bar portions.

29. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blank being ofsheet metal and having an axis of symmetry dividing said blank into twoportions each of which has a bolster opening, top arch bar portions,pedestal tie bar portions and bottom arch bar portions.

30. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blank being ofsheet metal and having a plurality of spaced bolster openingssymmetrically disposed upon opposite sides of a line passing betweenthem, and said blankalso being provided with a plurality of pedestal tiebar portions extending at an oblique angle to said line.

31. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blank being ofsheet metal and having a plurality of pedestal tie bar portionssymmetrically disposed upon opposite sides of a line passing betweenthem and extending at an oblique angle to said line.

32. A blank for aside frame member of a car truck, said blank being ofsheet metaland having a plurality of pedestal tie bar portionssymmetrically disposed upon opposite sides of a line passing betweenthem. 33. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blankbeing of sheet metal and having a portion adapted to form an inner wallof said side frame and a portion adapted to form an outer wall of saidframe, parts of said outer wall portion and corresponding parts of saidinner wall portion being adapted to extend over'respective j our, nalboxes, and said blank having oppositely disposed V-shaped recessesadapted to form openings in the 'side frame above the respective journalboxes and efiecting a reduction of height of the outer parts of saidwall portions which extend over the journal boxes.

34:. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, a sheetmetal inner wall spaced with relation thereto, each of said walls havinga plurality of truck column portions and having flanges located betweensaid walls and respectively bordering said truck column portions, andbolster chafing plates respectively secured to the said flanges whichare adjacent each other.

35. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, a sheetmetal inner wall spaced with relation thereto, each of said walls havinga plurality of truck column portions and having stiffening flangeslocated between said walls and respectively bordering said truck columnportions, and a plurality of bolster chafing plates respectively securedto said flanges to constitute means for connecting said walls, thevertical edges of said chafing plates being adapted to form end stopsfor a truck bolster.

36. A car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metal forminginner and outer walls and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions.

87. A car truck side frame having a bolster opening therein and providedwith a pedestal tie bar portion extending beneath said bolster openingand adapted to connect journal boxes associated with the side frame. thecentral portion of said pedestal tie bar being hollow and of rectangularcross section below the bolster opening, the bottom wall of said centralportion being prolonged in opposite directions and being adapted to passbeneath the journal boxes of the side frame, and the side walls of saidcentral portion being prolonged to form upright flanges stiffening saidpedestal tie bar on opposite sides of-the bolster opening.

38. A car truck side frame having portions adapted to extend over therespective journal boxes with which the side frame is associated, saidside frame involving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outerwall and an inner wall, said walls being integrally united at the top ofsaid side frame by a portion of said sheet, the top of said side framebeing formed in a straight line, and the outer ends of said portionsextending over the journal boxes being wholly in the respective planesof the said walls.

39. A cartruck side frame having portions adapted to extend over. therespective journal boxes with which the side frame is -associated, saidside frame involving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outerwall and an inner wall, said walls being integrally united at the topofsaid frame by a portion of said sheet, the top of said side framebeing formed in a straight line, the outer ends of said portionsextending over the journal boxes being lltD stiffening flanges extendintoward the other wall, some of said stiffening flanges being .tapered tomerge into the respective walls.

41. A car truck side frame involving a sheet met-a1 outer wall and asheet metal inner wall, each of said walls having a plurality of toparchbar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and aplurality ofpedestal tie bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions of said outerand inner walls being rovided with stiffening flanges, the said stiening flanges being reduced in height at the junction of said bottomarch bar portions with said pedestal tie bar portions. 7

42. A car truck side frame involving an outer wall of sheet metal and aninner wall of sheet-metal, each of said walls involving pedestal tie barportions and being provided with stiffening flanges which merge with therespective side walls adjacent said pedes tal tie bar portions.

43. A car, truck side frame comprising top arch bar portions, bottomarch vbar portions, pedestal tie bar portions, and truck' columnsintegrally connected to said several portions, said bottom arch barportions each being formed with an outer wall and with .an inner wall inspaced relation to said outer wall, and said walls being of increasedwidth adjacent their junction with the respectively adjacent truckcol'umn portions and pedestal tie bar portions.

44. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and asheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto, each of said wallshaving a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch barportions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions and a plurality ofpedestal tie bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions be. mg ofincreased width adjacent their points of junction with the respectivelyadjacent truck column portions. I

45. A' car truck side frame involving a portions and pedestal tie bar.sheet metal outer wall and a'- sheet metal inner wall spaced withrelation thereto,

each of said walls being provided with a bolster opening, a plurality oftop arch bar portionsand a plurality of-bottom arch 'bar portionssloping downwardly from said top arch bar portions toward'the lower endswidth toward the of said bolster openings, said bottom arch bar portionsbeing gradually increased in openin s.

46. car truck side frame involving a plurality of top arch bar portions,a plurality ower ends. of said bolster ,47. A car truck sideframeinvolving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer wall and aninner wall,said sheet beingfolded at the upper edge of said frame, and

said fold being in a straight line.

48. car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metal having afold spacing portions of said sheet to form an outer wall and an innerwall, said fold being straight throughout its length.

49. A car truckside frame involving a sheet metal'outer wall and a sheetmetal inner wall, each of said walls having portions adapted to extendover. respective journal boxes, and reinforcing members located betweenand secured to said walls 'above the respective journal boxes.

50. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and asheet metal inner wall, each of said walls having portions adapted toextend over respective journal boxes, the said portions beingrespectively provided with flanges extending toward each other, andreinforcing members located between and secured to said walls above saidflanges.

51. A car truck side frame involving a plurality of truck columnportions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality ofbottomarch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions each having spacedsidewalls and a bottom wall, the bottom Walls of said bottom arch barportions being provided with drainage openings.

52. A car truck side frame having a pluof top arch bar portions and aplurality of. bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portionsbeing o channel cross section and being provided with openings in thewebs of said channels located approximately at the midline of thelatter.v

' 54. A car truck side frame having a plurality of truck columnportions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of botralityof truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions and aplurality of tom arch bar portions, and a plurality-of pedestal tie barportions, each of said pedestal tie bar portions being for a part oftheir lengthsformed with spaced side walls, and a bottom wall connectingsaid side walls, the said bottom wall being formed with openings locatedsubstantially at the midline of saidtie bar portions.

55. A car truck side frame having pedestal tie bar means adapted to beconnected to the journal boxes of a truck, said pedestal tie bar meanshaving a portion formed with side walls and a bottom wall connectingsaid side walls, said bottom wall having a plurality of openings thereinlocated substantially equi-distant from said side walls.

56. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and asheet metal inner wall, said outer wall being provided with a pluralityof spaced bridging lugs extending toward said inner wall, and said innerwall being provided with correspondingly spaced bridging lugs extendingtoward said outer wall, said lugs being welded together.

57 A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and a sheetmetal inner wall, said walls being provided with top arch bar portionsand bottom arch bar'portions, said bottom arch bar portions of saidouter wall being provided with a plurality of spaced bridging lugs whichextend toward said inner wall, and said bottom arch bar portions of saidinner wall being provided with correspondingly spaced bridging lugswhich extend toward said outer wall, the said bridging lugs being weldedtogether.

58. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and asheetmetal inner wall spaced with relation thereto,"each of said walls beingprovided with stiffening flanges located between said walls, each ofsaid flanges extending not more than half the distance toward theopposite wall.

59. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and asheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto, each of said wallsbeing provided with a stifi'ening flange located between said walls,each of said flanges extending not more than half the distance towardthe opposite wall and being united by welding.

60. A car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metalconstituting an outer wall and an inner wall in spaced 'tion to saidouter wall. each of said walls being formed with a plurality of top archbar portions having lower sides which slope downwardly toward therespectively adjacent ends of the side frame.

62. A car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metalconstituting an outer wall and an inner wall in spaced. relation to saidouter wall, each of said walls having a top arch bar portion and abottom arch. bar portion, said top arch bar portion being of greaterdepth at a point adjacent said bottom arch bar portion than at pointsnearer the center of the-side frame.

63. The method of manufacturing a car truck side frame involving thefollowing steps, namely; forming from a sheet of meta a blank havingcorresponding side frame portions symmetrically disposed with respect toan axis of symmetry passing between them, bending corresponding portionsof said blank to form flanges which project from the same side thereof,and folding'said blank along a line which throughout its length isparallel to the said axis of symmetry.

64. The method of manufacturing a car truck side frame involving thefollowing steps, namely; forming from a sheet of metal a blank havingcorresponding side frame portions disposed on opposite sides of astraight line forming an axis of symmetry of the blank, bendingcorresponding portions of said blank to form flanges which project fromthe same side thereof, folding said blank on opposite sides of the axisof symmetry along straight lines parallel with said axis throughout, anduniting said flanges by welding.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

GUSTAF ARVID ANDERSON.

